My sincere apologies as I have been away from my blog for the past 6 weeks due to a fracture in my right arm. I love to play cricket and if I get a chance to try the same catch again - I will probably go for it, unless my body has built in a subconscious reflex to not attempt it, hopefully not. Feeling much better now, even though I still need physiotherapy sessions that I hate...
The topic of todays post is really urgent and of utmost important. I seek opinion from BPMN modelers out there as to what they think of the following diagram, tool vendors are also welcome to chime in but please identify yourself to maintain the objectivity of this poll . I can assure you that it is synatctically correct as per BPMN 1.x and upcoming 2.x specification. The question I have is - ok first take a look:
The question is : How many times do you expect the activity B to execute? Further how many times to you expect X, Y, Z, C1, C2 and D to execute.The options are:
Option1: - B should wait for both A1 & A2 to finish and then execute once. Thus B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 and D all execute only once.
Option2: - B should NOT wait for both A1 & A2 to finish and execute everytime A1 / A2 finish. Thus B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 all execute only twice and D will execute four times. Further if there were three branches from start event going to A1, A2 and A3 then B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 all execute thrice and D will execute six times.
So pl go ahead and choose which option do you think is better and more usable.
I do have an opinion but I dont want to share it now to prevent any prejudice. Please express your viewpoint here.
27 comments:
There is no opinion to have. The flow is uncontrolled and there is no merge so B is executed twice, as the rest of the process after it.
The BPMN spec deals with this very clearly. We are working on that particular aspect at Intalio.
Antoine is correct, there are no controls so the branching creates parallel threads of activity, as each one completes (A1 & A2), then B fires each time.
Check the detail in the BPMN Modeling and Reference Guide (co-authored with Steve White).
Antonie & Derek,
This Question is about what does the picture convey and not what the spec tells you!
Thats the reason why I am very keen on end users' opinion.
Vishal
Pl read the question carefully - Are we saying B, X, Y, Z, C1 and C2 execute twice and D executes 4 times?
OR
They all execute once.
I would expect B to execute once - it would wait for both A activities to finish. The same for D. This is derived from IBM's WBM experience.
As far as I am concerned the BPMN 2.0 spec (and UML AD 2.*) says there is an explicit gateway behaiour for B (executed twice). As in case for D, I would say it use UML 2.* spec, and put AND-Join, that means D is executed twice.
Alexander Maystrenko
Knowing that the diagram is syntactically correct BPMN, which is true, I would expect uncontrolled behaviour throughout resulting in B executed twice and D four times. There are no conditions expressed, so each fork results in parallel flows. None of the joins cause a sync (or merge) of parallel flows.
So glad that you are working on this at Intalio, Antoine:)
Actually, I misspoke, it is not valid BPMN. There is no end event and the spec at 1.1 says in para 9.3.3 End
"If there is a Start Event, then there MUST be at least one End Event."
For extra credit, show that the result is indeterminate if the process is ended with type terminate or cancel.
True, the spec is clear about this issue: B executes twice and D four times.
From my experience with BPMN teaching there are two groups of modelers: (1) those having a flow-charting background. these people immediately understand that one incoming branch being activated is sufficient to activate the activity. (2) people frequently dealing with concurrency. For this second group this semantics is counterintuitive - given that two outgoing sequence flows are a shortcut notation for an AND-split.
I am not a fan of changing the current BPMN semantics. E.g. somebody could bring up the idea of interpreting two incoming sequence flows as shortcut for an OR-join, something I wouldn't support.
It is rather a matter of educating the people and encouraging them to use gateways in the presence of concurrency. A simple rule of thumb could be: only use multiple outgoing sequence flows if they all have conditions attached and exclude each other (therefore not activating multiple branches in any case).
By the way, we are currently setting up a "BPMN best practices" community platform to interactively discuss these matters: http://www.bpmn-community.org (currently it's a beta and only in German - if anyone is interested in pushing such a platform also in English please contact me).
Hi Vishal. I agree with Gero Decker: the spec is clear about this issue: B executes twice and D four times. The case represents a multiple merge.
But if I have to answer to your question about what does the picture convey to me, at a first look, assuming not to know BPMN so much in depth (as if I were a common user), I would state that B, X, Y, Z, C1 and C2 execute twice and D executes 4 times. It may be because, as Gero said, two outgoing sequence flows are a shortcut notation for an AND-split. I know the specs are clear, but for one 'uninitiated', intuitively, the most obvious result might be the wrong interpretation.
I agree with almost everyone here--there are no controls indicated which, per current BPMN specification, means there are parallel independent sequences of activity. A1 and A2 will execute once, B, X, Y, Z, C1, and C2 will execute twice, and D will execute 4 times.
However, this interpretation will only be definite if the picture is intended to be BPMN compliant, and if the reader is familiar with the BPMN spec. The picture on its own is ambiguous without additional clarification.
(I am from Oracle and work with Oracle business process management tools.)
I also agree that B, X, Y, Z, C1 and C2 execute twice and D executes 4 times.
Models must have precise semantics or they are not ultimately useful. However, I have seen many models like this where the modeler and many readers assume that the uncontrolled joins are actually synchronizing joins. This is OK for first-pass abstract models, but not for execution models.
I would recommend that tools issues a validation warning whenever an uncontrolled join is downstream of a an uncontrolled split, AND split, or nonexclusive OR split. A tool could even offer to insert non-exclusive OR join, which would wait for all "in-flight" flows to arrive.
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Does anyone have a BPMN 2.0 specification release date from OMG? There is a new book available at Amazon “BPMN Method and Style: A levels-based methodology for BPM process modeling and improvement using BPMN 2.0 by Bruce Silver.”
I am a user of BMPN for last 3 years and looking forward for th2 2.0. If anyone have any information is deeply appreciated.
-Monty
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It may seem that the diagram is not complete as looking at the notations at http://bpt.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/pub/Public/BPMNCorner/BPMN1_1_Poster_EN.pdf, it may not be constructed following the instructions.
It shows
- The A1 and A2 could take the OR condition thus any of the flow will eventuate to B
- An AND condition where A1 and A2 both need to be completed.
It need to shows the activites flow condition to determine OR or AND.
This, while a legal BPMN model is a confusing scenario. Considering we are using an implicit join, B will be executed on completion of both A1 and A2.
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