Things BPMN - Vishal's BPM corner

Some BPMN patterns

2011-01-24T21:58:00.000-08:00

Control Flow Patterns

Over the past few years, workflow patterns have become a touchstone of workflow standards and products. The Workflow Patterns initiative is a joint effort of Eindhoven University of Technology (led by Professor Wil van der Aalst) and Queensland University of Technology (led by Professor Arthur ter Hofstede) which started in 1999. The aim of this initiative is to provide a conceptual basis for process technology. In particular, the research provides a thorough examination of the various perspectives (control flow, data, resource, and exception handling) that need to be supported by a workflow language or a business process modeling language. The results can be used for examining the suitability of a particular process language or workflow system for a particular project, assessing relative strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to process specification, implementing certain business requirements in a particular process-aware information system, and as a basis for language and tool development. These workflow patterns cover a majority of use cases that BPM modelers would need. Most workflow standards have been evaluated against these patterns.

We start off with some basic control flow patterns. These will introduce some of the common gateways that will be used later. More importantly, these will lay the ground for more complex patterns later in the chapter.

Sequence

The simplest of control flow patterns is the sequence flow where a task in a process in enabled after the completion of a preceding task in the same process. In BPMN, this pattern can be modeled using a simple set of sequence flows connecting activities. Lets skip this for its too simple.

Parallel Split

Another simple control flow pattern is when two or more task sequences can execute in parallel. In BPMN this can be modeled using an AND gateway. Another option is to model this without a gateway with multiple outgoing sequence flows. When there are multiple outgoing sequence flows from an activity, it is treated as AND split.

Example: Dinner Plan

Updates after a break

2010-07-17T03:41:00.000-07:00

Dear readers,

I apologize profusely for the extended absence. As some of you may know or may have noticed, I have changed my organization. It doesnt mean I have changed my passion. The love of writing game changing software is still close to my heart and I continue my pursuit in a different environment.

For the past year or so, I am leading the engineering, product management, QA, support and documentation teams at Intalio. Intalio is the open source BPM vendor. Intalio provides a very well integrated, well tested and widely adopted BPM software at a fraction of the cost. The biggest strength of Intalio is its people. Most of my team comprises of star developers that are committers on various open source projects at Apache etc. Thats why you get a completely integrated BPM suite with a BPMN modeler, a clustered, load-tested server, BAM, BRE, Portal, Human Task, Connectors and what not. All installed in one click - less than 1 minute install time and some great community and mailing list to support users getting started with BPM for the first time. I am amazed at what a smaller team of rock star developers can do and deliver in a short span of time.

BPMN 2.0 Execution Semantics - multiple sequence flows - Opinion Poll

2009-05-06T00:25:00.001-07:00

Dear readers (or breaders or blog-readers),
My sincere apologies as I have been away from my blog for the past 6 weeks due to a fracture in my right arm. I love to play cricket and if I get a chance to try the same catch again - I will probably go for it, unless my body has built in a subconscious reflex to not attempt it, hopefully not. Feeling much better now, even though I still need physiotherapy sessions that I hate...
The topic of todays post is really urgent and of utmost important. I seek opinion from BPMN modelers out there as to what they think of the following diagram, tool vendors are also welcome to chime in but please identify yourself to maintain the objectivity of this poll . I can assure you that it is synatctically correct as per BPMN 1.x and upcoming 2.x specification. The question I have is - ok first take a look:

The question is : How many times do you expect the activity B to execute? Further how many times to you expect X, Y, Z, C1, C2 and D to execute.

The options are:
Option1: - B should wait for both A1 & A2 to finish and then execute once. Thus B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 and D all execute only once.

Option2: - B should NOT wait for both A1 & A2 to finish and execute everytime A1 / A2 finish. Thus B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 all execute only twice and D will execute four times. Further if there were three branches from start event going to A1, A2 and A3 then B, X, Y, Z, C1, C2 all execute thrice and D will execute six times.

So pl go ahead and choose which option do you think is better and more usable.
I do have an opinion but I dont want to share it now to prevent any prejudice. Please express your viewpoint here.

Three cups of tea

2009-03-17T00:06:00.000-07:00

If there was one thing I was to recommend in a whole year, even a decade, - I would say read "Three Cups of tea". For the past few days, despite personal commitments I have stayed up until 4 AM to, finish this book, - no to soak in this most amazing journey of our times. In the midst of us is a Gandhi, a MLK and I owe it to my eight year old for the wonderful opportunity of a lifetime to be able to meet this gentle giant - Greg Mortenson. I wonder what I would do if I get to meet him again - having read his book and known him better. Probably he deserves that his feet be washed and the water be cherished... - an ancient hindu way to honor the sage that he is.
Now what is it that has offset this chant of worship. Well - go to http://www.threecupsoftea.com or http://www.penniesforpeace.org to see what mountains Greg has moved in the past decade or so. His sole mission is to educate the kids of farway Pakistan and Afghanistan. He believes education is the only way to end the violence, mistrust and hatered that has been built into our very pysche.
Personally, I have decided one thing - I will donate my time, money and energy to support Greg and other projects similar to his. I hope to see him and his work acknowledged with a noble peace prize within the next 3 years.

Abstract = Public? => Non executable

2009-02-24T23:20:00.000-08:00

I am trying to understand what an abstract BPMN process means. Honestly, I think this is a much overused of not abused term. It could mean an abstraction of the process definition, or it could mean a parent process which is detailed out in a child process, or an externally visible process interface or may be a combination of these. e.g. an abstract process might be EMployee onboarding process which inturn may be actually be subdivided into multiple smaller processes.
A public process is one that is visible to external world. It may call internal processes and services but is shared with the external world. e.g. the process of buying an item on ebay is very much an example of public process.
So does public process have to be non -executable? If I see the example of buying items on ebay - it is executed by a system - thus it is executable. In my opinion public vs private is orthogonal to executable vs non executable.
Going back to abstract processes - well since different backgrounds lead to different interpretations of abstract process, I would rather break this monolith into two specific terms Public/Private and Executable / Non executable. Now executable does not mean ready to execute. Every tool vendor will have a set of vaidations to run besides the standard XSD validations. Today's business user is not in an ivory tower to make that decision without consulting with process analysts / IT experts. Before the process goes into production, it will go thru its lifecycle of dev - test - stage - production and may move from a ready to execute to a non ready state multiple times during this lifecycle.
Let me know what you the people in real world see these types of processes as and feel free to correct me!

Interesting Research - Michele Chinosi

2009-02-03T23:11:00.000-08:00

I normally do not discuss individual efforts on my blog but found this one compelling. I met Michele last year at the BPM 2008 conference and subsequently we interacted over email and phone several times. Since then he completed his PhD and I find some very interesting areas that he has touched upon. There is one caveat that a large part of his work started with BPMN 1.0 & BPMN 1.1 as the starting point. The highlights are:
a model for BPs;
an XML serialization of such model;
a BP design methodology and business process diagrams views.

The model is labeled 'conceptual' because it was not sufficiently formalized to be considered a complete meta-model. The need to formalize the model is rudimentary because of the forthcoming BPMN 2.0 standard. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is a self-validating XML serialization of BPMN1.1. This means that it is possible to natively check the syntax of a diagram, all the BPMN 1.1 structural semantics rules and most of the behavioral semantics rules. That is, we can check quite all the rules provided by BPMN 1.1 specifications which could be checked without a simulation or an execution of the process (for instance, we can check if a process has loops, but we can not check whether those loops are infinite loops). So, it is a simple but powerful enough model to describe all the relevant features of BPs. The concept of views applied to BPs is another outcome which is a first preliminary result. Views permit the users also to investigate several applications, in particular to define end users policies.

For more information about his research please visit the URL : http://www.dicom.uninsubria.it/~michele.chinosi/"

BPMN and BPEL

2009-01-08T22:41:00.000-08:00

As I alluded in my earlier post , the BPMN 1.1 version lacked a serialization format and clear execution semantics. However, the BPMN 2.0 attempts to close this gap. Further the execution semantics of BPMN 2.0 leverage and build upon the industry adoption of BPM tools, experience with BPEL execution and research efforts of the wider community. There has been some debate around the relationship of BPMN and BPEL and it is captured on Ismael's blog. BPMN vendors bring valuable experience from BPEL standard, execution engines built around it and market experience to the table and it reflects in the specification also. The BPMN 2.0 specification team further clarifies the relationship between BPMN and BPEL in the InfoQ interview.

If I rephrase Manoj's response, currently i.e. until OMG ratifies the BPMN 2.0 spec, BPMN is a modeling standard and BPEL is an execution standard. Both are complementary in that regard and many BPMN models may be executed as BPEL processes. As BPMN 2.0 defines sufficient execution semantics, the implementation engines may start executing BPMN 2.0 natively, creating an overlap with BPEL 2.0. There will be significant consistency between the two from this perspective. Further, there will be different use cases for which the two approaches - BPMN models executed as BPEL and native BPMN execution - will be better suited.
PS: Standard disclaimer: The views expressed on this blog are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle.

Whats happening with BPMN 2.0 @ OMG

2008-12-09T23:18:00.000-08:00

First of all, my apologies to you folks for not being active over the past few weeks. I had a short vacation but a longer hiatus from my blog as I had tons of stuff to catch up. No excuses - only apologies!
So whats been happening in the BPMN world while I was away. There has been ongoing work around the BPMN 2.0 specification. A lot of ground has been covered on the various topics that were identified as week in the previous draft e.g. Choreography. The updated version is available on the OMG website. At the Monday OMG meeting, the team did a presentation on the progress made on the specification. Further, it was agreed to extend the deadline for the submission to Feb 23, 2009 - one month before the next OMG meeting. The motion was passed with a "white ballot". I sign off with the promise to be more regular!

More on Variants

2008-10-06T12:05:00.000-07:00

Lets understand the use case correctly - you / your customer has created processes e.g "MyProcess".
May be you want to create geography / nation specific variants of this base process, or your customers in turn are changing these processes and now you wants to import them into the same DB. I am assuming you have more than one such variations.

Steps1. Create a variant(s) of the original process (MyProcess) that customer is sharing with outside world. This will create a model "(MyProcessModel(1)")

2. Rename the variant to a more meaningful name "(MyProcessModelForX")
3. Now provide the outside world with an export of the variant MyProcessModelForX.

Session by session details of BPM 2008

2008-10-05T01:10:00.000-07:00

Can be found on Sandy's blog : http://www.column2.com/category/conferences/intlbpm/

Panel - Future of BPMN - Technology and Industry @ BPM 2008

2008-10-01T10:56:00.000-07:00

I hosted a panel at BPM 2008 early in September. Here is the abstract / outline.
BPMN has seen huge adoption over the past four years. It has become very popular with business analysts, tool vendors, practitioners and end users. BPMN brings business and IT together in a collabrative environment where as designed and as implemented are the same. In this panel, we discuss the two major forces that will shape up the future of BPMN. On the one side are technology trends like Web 2.0, SaaS, Semantic web and Cloud Computing which will impact the way people define and execute their business processes, and at the same time there are the needs identified by industry practitioners to facilitate meaningful adoption like closer alignment with organizational models, facilitating process discovery and monitoring. We believe that these two forces will define the future of the BPM industry and therefore we have invited a slew of BPMN and technology practitioners to this panel to discuss the future path for BPMN.

The panelists:
Marlon Dumas, University of Tartu, Estonia
Paul Harmon, Business Process Trends, USA
Jana Koehler, IBM Switzerland
Sebastian Stein, IDS Scheer, Germany
Alexander Grosskopf, Hasso-Plattner-Institute, Potsdam, Germany

We were lucky to have Peter Dadam and Professor Wil van der Aalst in the audience and they took on the panel. we delved into the current state of BPMN adoption thanks to wonderful insights from Paul Harmon. There was a quick tour of the history thanks to Jana. Sebastian gave his thoughts on how they see BPMN requests from time to time. Alex gave a few updates on the current work he is doing around BPMN at HPI. There was also a discussion on the execution semantics of BPMN and how close / different it is from BPEL execution semantics. An interesting discussion overall. Although I wish we had more time to look at the future trends of technology impacting BPMN. Nevertheless, next time!

BPM 2008

2008-10-01T08:42:00.000-07:00

Friends - Sincere apologies for not being active on my blog in the past few weeks. There was the BPM 2008 conference and the Oracle open world - more about it in the next post. This one is about BPM 2008!

* BPM community is abuzz with innovation and very active in coordinating efforts across geographies and locations. Most of the research represented at the conference is around process modeling in some way — patterns, modularity, tree structures, process mining — but there were quite a few, interesting ones, focused on process simulation and execution issues as well. Some very intriguing choreo research from friends in Australia. Peter Dadam in his keynote gave a demo of ARISTASoft, a BPM software built by Univ of Ulm and is very dynamic and flexible even at runtime. You can change instances and even percolate that change to definition - very interesting. BPMN Boundary analysis - my personal favorite subject, paper won the best paper award. BPMN process differentiation and merge was another interesting presentation, we do this for BPEL processes. Managing Process Variability and Compliance in the Enterprise was another discussion and the conclusion was "it depends". Instantiation Semantics for Process Models - this is a very important technique of how to start the process instance.

My panel - Future of BPMN - Technology and Industry - a separate blog post for that tonight.

Bruce's comment on Process Variance

2008-08-12T23:15:00.000-07:00

Vishal
glad you are posting on this topic, but I have some questions. On first one "inheritance", I don't understand how your item differs from embedded and reusable subprocess (renamed call activity) in the current spec. Are you proposing new semantics, new notation, or new level of mandatory support?
Answer / Clarification:
Bruce - my idea is whether processes can inherit properties from parent process. e.g. parent process may say credit check and approve loan. The child process will go into details of credit check, elaboratre the steps involved and then move to a set of steps required to execute approve loan.

The same question applies to the process variance feature, what some BPMSs call "dynamic subprocess." Do you require that the interface of all variants be the same or not? The focus of BPMN 2.0 seems to be more on the formalism and less on the issue you raise: what features need to be added to make the notation more useful to practitioners? I plan to blog about this one myself.

Answer / Clarification:
Variance - is the geographic, political, legal path that a process needs to take for the same business process definition. e.g Credit Check - my favorite, in US may be just a service call, but in Asia, it wil lbe a human task, or a series thereof approved by managers.

What else in BPMN 2.0, Process Inheritance, Variance?

2008-07-12T19:23:00.000-07:00

I am hearing two different perspectives from people in BPM field. There is one set of users who see a lot of adoption already of BPM (and BPMN) and there is another which says that the industry is on the upward curve.
That brings me to the actual question(s) I want to ask, what else would users want to see in BPMN 2.0.
Process Inheritance: Just for the sake of clarity and being on the same page, let me take a stab at what I mean by Process Inheritance. Process Inheritance implies a parent child relationships between processes. e.g. If "building a house" is a project, "building the foundation", "building the frame" and "electric wiring" would be child projects of this project.
The child process "building the foundation" could be further sub divided into "lay the plumbing", "put the concrete slab" and "install latent heating". And further on. Tool users can then navigate across parent and child processes. Further there could be dependencies across this child processes. I already see several tools support this paradigm including Oracle BPA Suite. The question I am trying to understand is whether this should be mandated by the specification.

Process Variance?
Once again to be on the same page as readers. Process Variance implies geography, polity, legal, ... etc specific variations of the process definition. There are questions about whether these variants should be allowed to modify the original process or should continue to exist within the variation parameter. e.g. If the process requires a credit check in the US version, it might require three steps to verify credit - physical verification of identity, address and property ownership before deciding the credit worthiness of the applicant. Once again there are tools that let business users do this. However, the question is whether this should be mandated? And if yes, then what would be the mandated behavior. In this example it may seem apparent that the localized process should not change the base process but there are examples where the base process needs to be "upgraded"?
I am looking to BPM practitioners and customers in the field to state their opinion on this!

Tweak the BPMN merge

2008-05-29T12:39:00.001-07:00

One question that has been asked by two customers is how do we make sure that IT changes are always preserved, especially if business has made simple changes like update the descriptionof the BPMN activity in the BPMN model.
First and foremost, its important to understand that any change by business user is considered a change to the BPMN activity and therefore IT changes in that scope are rendered deprecated. This may not be most desirable in some usecases as the one described above.
The solution is right infront of you in your BPEL file. The scope annotation will surmise what was the last update date of the activity corresponding to this scope. If you change it to an arbitrary date in future, the merge algorithm will think that the version in JDev is the latest greatest and will therefore not overwrite your implementation. However, pl note that this is not advisable as it violates the basic premise that business user controls the flow of the process definition and the definition of the activity itself. This workaroud is just to ensure that if IT guy thinks that the implementation is "final". Use it with the same care as you would use final in java classes.

More about BPMN 2.0

2008-05-06T11:38:00.000-07:00

In response to my previous blog post, Sebastian Stein identifies the areas of improvement for BPMN 2.0. One very important area he has identified is execution semantics besides the well known lack of exchange format. And I would like to reassure the wider BPM community that the same is a very important target for the BPMN 2.0 RFP and consequently for the submissions. The approach 1 as outlined and characterized by Sebastian and Bruce attempts to address both of these concerns using the inherent metamodel of BPMN 1.0 and 1.1. There are some great facets of the second submission as well, and there are merger talks in progress.

Going back to what is (or should be) good about BPMN 2.0:

Users get the flexibility to "underspecify" a business activity, e.g. as a business user I know that "Create Order" step is to be followed by an "Audit Step". I may not know exactly how these steps will be executed. If I know it or if there is an IT specialist refining the model, he can specify the execution details of each of these steps.

The execution semantics is an area of focus and ironing out the ambiguous IOR gateways and resulting patterns is high on the agenda. This is also an area for learning from user experience. e.g. in this diagram - how many times does a business user expect the activity "Step X" to be executed?
You will get a different answer from different people. How about the case when the activity Step X is after another similar construct - how many times will the activity X be executed in that scenario.

Stay tuned for the next blog post where I will discuss token flow semantics.

Oracle BPA 10.1.3.4 is out

2008-04-30T23:36:00.001-07:00

The Oracle BPA 10.1.3.4 is GA and is available for download here:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/bpa/index.html
It has enhanced BPMN 1.1 support.
The whole certification matrix is here:
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/ias/10133/bpa/Oracle_BPA_10133_PLATFORM_MATRIX.pdf

Further we have an enhanced set of example BPMN diagrams and their fully implemented versions on the sample page:
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/ias/101340/Oracle_BPA_Suite_10.1.3.4_Samples.zip

Have fun - try it out and let us know how the experience is!

More on BPMN - BPEL roundtrip in Oracle BPA Suite 10.1.3.4

2008-04-30T22:55:00.001-07:00

Apologies for the delay in the post. I was busy getting the Oracle BPA 10134 out. BTW, this version contains further enhanced BPMN to BPEL round trip.

We all agree that business processes are living assets. Business and IT might update a process simultaneously, according to their requirements. For example, a business user might update a process while an IT developer is adding implementation details. IT developer refinement involves providing physical bindings and transformations, but can also include adding additional implementation specific processing steps within, or contiguous to, what the business analyst considers a single step. An approach of IT “refinement” respects the logical model as a constraint, thus enabling the logical model and the physical model to evolve in parallel without breaking the connection between the two. BPA 10134 provides a BPMN-BPEL bridge that allows for concurrent updates by business and IT, constantly granting real-time insight into the new state of the business process definition.
If this was the original process definition as specified by business and shared with IT:

Subsequently, if a business user changes the process model as shown in this BPMN diagram - a new activity "Asset Verification" has been added by business user:

Meanwhile, the IT folks have already started implementing the process and they have added a new step called "Audit Approval" as it is mandated by compliance guideline. ANd IT feels that business needs to be aware of this change. Thats the reason IT added this activity to the outline view. This is how the updated IT outline view would look like:

If the IT user did a merge, the outline will now contain a merged view.

Now when IT decides to upload the modified definition to business, the business user will see the diagram as follows:

The business user has the option to accept or reject changes proposed by IT.
Thus changes made by business can be shared with IT and the ones made by IT can be shown to business. Thus the tool provides for a collaborative business and IT environment.

BPMN 2.0

2008-04-16T23:25:00.000-07:00

BPMN 2.0
Now that the cat is out of the bag, I decided to throw some light on the BPMN 2.0 submissions at OMG and what is happening in the 2.0 world of BPM. Over the past 4 years since its inception BPMI has merged with OMG, the BPMN 1.0 spec has been published, the BPMN 1.1 spec has finally found its way to acceptance and also become available as an accepted specification on OMG website – this one took for ever to appear as a public URL. As a fervent follower of the BPMN 1.0 & 1.1 spec, and as someone who has invested significantly personally and professionally on the BPMN world, I find it imperative to talk about the BPMN 2.0 and what path it should be and is taking.
First let me identify the cool things in BPMN 1.0 (1.1) which made it one of the most popularly adopted spec in the last few years despite other modeling standards being around for a longer time. The first and foremost is that BPMN is simple – or to put it exactly: it keeps simple things simple. If I want to model my quote to cash process, I can do it in very little time with small and not so steep learning curve. Lot of people found it as easy as a flow chart that they otherwise draw on a drawing board, or may I say visio. No wonder there are people with a visio plugin for BPMN. It is not to say it did not have complex constructs. All complex constructs were available and are still available.

The second good thing about BPMN 1.1 was that it was based on a small set of base objects which can be further enhanced to capture the complexities of the process model. So if your simple process definition required a decision point, you could create a switch. However, later if you discovered that this is a switch of a certain type, you could add that specialization without hurting yourself in the foot. You could even mark it a complex decision gasteway . How to implement that could be decided by the IT specialists.
The BPMN 2.0 metamodel should maintain this flexibility.

More to come... stay tuned!

Installing Oracle BPMN (BPA) in silent mode

2008-03-24T08:20:00.000-07:00

I have been asked this specific question about how to install the Oracle BPMN tool, BPA in silent mode. Thanks Paco for reminding me again! Here you go with a simple 2 step process on how to do this:

- Record mode & Silent mode: Step 1: Record mode - http://helpnet.macrovision.com/robo/projects/helplibdevstudio9/IHelpSetup_EXECmdLine.htm#rParam Step 2: Silent mode - http://helpnet.macrovision.com/robo/projects/helplibdevstudio9/IHelpSetup_EXECmdLine.htm#sParam

Multipool BPMN example

2008-03-20T00:17:00.000-07:00

Enclosed is an example of a BPMN process in a pool interacting with another BPMN pool. Also noteworthy is the correct usage of event based gateway. I am using Oracle BPMN solution's latest version to model this diagram. The BPMN visual extension capability has been used to create the color coded human (green) and automated (blue) tasks. This will further enhance the readability of the BPMN diagaram in Oracle BPA Suite.

Compensation in BPMN

2008-03-19T23:55:00.000-07:00

How would users model a compensation in Oracle's BPMN tool? Apologies David for the delay, here you go:
In this example, if the BPMN activity "credit check" fails for some reason, the process refunds the credit card charges.

Process Levels - Ask the basic questions

2008-03-18T23:47:00.000-07:00

I was in a training class again last week. The quintessential question came up as to how many levels of processes should be there. Should we have one process that covers all levels of details? That would be akin to mapping your IT process using BPMN. How does it reflect the simplicity of the business users?

Answers ranged from 0, zero to 4 to 7.

This reminded me of an earlier discussion with Dr Naci Akkok - credit is due here.
He said think about what question is the model answering. Is it answering the "what" question or the "how" question. Users will need at least these two levels - one that answers what happens in my organization; the other level or levels that answers the how question.

Now its important to realize that its better to draw boundaries of how many levels of what questions and how many of how questions would we want to address. This will prevent proliferation of levels and will also mandate and facilitate common understanding. I would love to put a number out here as a recommendation but it would vary with the organization and the complexity of processes therein. I would recommend a number between 2 and 4 should be good enough to capture the details of business processes in your organization.
Oracle BPA Suite provides for multiple levels of processes. BPMN process levels can be further detailed.

Reminder - Disclaimer: The views expressed are entirely my own and do not reflect those of Oracle or a methodology of using Oracle BPA Suite.

Complex Loop example

2008-02-18T10:38:00.001-08:00

This is how one will model a complex while loop. After Step 5 you go back to the Step 1.

SOA MAgazine Article

2008-02-15T16:56:00.000-08:00

My recent article in the SOA magazine about BPMN BPEL roundtrip and how Oracle BPA facilitates it.
http://mailman.sys-con.com/t/243652/6616587/1175/0/

Workflow Patterns

2008-02-15T16:37:00.002-08:00

I looked at the control flow patterns as identified by WorkFlow patterns team here: http://www.workflowpatterns.com/patterns/control/index.php
The BPMN models published here refer to these patterns and you can visit the said website for semantic description of each pattern.

Synchronization pattern in BPMN

2008-02-15T16:37:00.001-08:00

This is how one could model synchronization pattern using BPMN. I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

Structured Synchronizing Merge with BPMN

2008-02-15T16:36:00.002-08:00

This is an example of how I would model structured synchronizing merge.
I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.
Hers is a better example of the structured synchronizing merge.

Parallel Split in BPMN

2008-02-15T16:36:00.001-08:00

This is how we model parallel split using BPMN; I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

Multiple Choice in BPMN

2008-02-15T16:35:00.000-08:00

This is how one could model multiple choice in BPMN.
I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

Implicit termination

2008-02-15T16:34:00.002-08:00

Exclusive choice in BPMN with explicit gateway type

2008-02-15T16:34:00.001-08:00

This is how one could model exclusive choice in BPMN. I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

Exclusive Choice in BPMN

2008-02-15T16:32:00.000-08:00

This is how one could model exclusive choice in BPMN. We could also use an explicit data based gateway to model exclusive choice. I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

While loops with BPMN

2008-02-15T14:18:00.000-08:00

I have seen the question of how to model loops in BPMN coming up on several occassions. I have had it on my system for a good year and its time to share it with folks out there.
So here you go guys - a simple example of a structured loop using BPMN notation; I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

BPMN Patterns - Sequence

2008-01-11T11:53:00.000-08:00

Workflow patterns have been analysed in detail by Eindhoven University and Queensland University folks, their findings are enlisted at this location http://www.workflowpatterns.com/index.php

I will start documenting some of the common workflow (control) flow patterns and how they can be modeled using the Oracle BPA Suite.

[P.S., some product pitch] The Oracle BPM story is coming together nice and strong with the Oracle BPA Suite 10.1.3.3. The BPMN 2 BPEL roundtrip is best facilitated in this tool.

I will start covering basic patterns and then build on those concepts to highlight the capabilities of a BPMN2BPEL algorithm.

I am using Oracle BPMN solution (Oracle BPA Suite) to model these patterns.

Lets start with the simple sequence:

This is how a simple sequence will be drawn in the BPMN editor. The same process definition can be made available to the IT users as a BPEL process blueprint.

It will be a simple bpel sequence with a scope for each BPMN activity. IT developers can add implementation details for each activity within the scope of that activity.

Batch processing example in BPMN

2007-11-15T14:58:00.000-08:00

Recently I was presented with this scenario by a colleague and asked, how would I do it in BPMN.
Following is the use case and then there is a proposed BPMN solution out there.
* Process starts with a receive from an queue.
* Queue returns a set of structured elements
* For each element
o Check If element is invalid
o Group elements as type A / B / GP
* End Loop *

* Now, for each set, process as follows
o Invalid elements
+ Prepare report based on invalid elements
+ Email report to managers
o sub-element-set A
+ Group each set of sub-element-A by any common values
+ Determine task assignee for each grouping of elements
+ Generate a human workflow task for each grouping of lements
+ Return immediately (e.g. don't wait for task to complete)
o sub-element-set B/element-GP
+ Merge the two sets of elements
+ Prioritize each of the new set of elements
+ Group each set of elements if they have a common sub-element-B value
+ Determine task assignee for each grouping of elements
+ Generate a human workflow task for each grouping of lements
+ Return immediately (e.g. don't wait for task to complete)
* Done.

Oracle BPA Suite Media coverage

2007-10-26T10:06:00.001-07:00

There is a nice coverage about Oracle BPMN solution (the Oracle BPA Suite) in SD Times here:
http://www.sdtimes.com/article/story-20071015-04.html

Oracle BPA Suite Media coverage

2007-10-26T10:06:00.000-07:00

There is a nice coverage about Oracle BPA Suite in SD Times here:

http://www.sdtimes.com/article/story-20071015-04.html

BPMN diagram updates - who owns Business or IT?

2007-10-16T22:35:00.001-07:00

Talking to a prospective customer, the inevitable question cropped up what happens if IT suggests changes to blueprint. Should IT be allowed to modify the process definition at all. Since Business owns BPMN diagrams, should implementation be allowed to update the business process defintion.

In my opinion it should be left to individual implementing organizations. THe tools should support both options: allowing IT to update the Business process and preventing it. Lets give the control to business and IT users and let them decide what changes are allowed. Every organization will have its own dynamics.

Some orgs, where IT is deeply entrenched and understands business for a long time, can definitely benefit from the flexibility.
Other organizations may have a more strict guidelines and controls over the BP definition with business users.
Some other orgs may identify process architects who can make the decision and controls / vets the process definition both before and after implementation.

Another interesting thing that was pointed out was the need for best practices and supporting trainings / tutorials / documents detailing how the tools should be used. I strongly think empowering customers with the capabilities of the tools is the key to successful adoption. I hope this blog is also contributing to the same.

At Office 2.0

2007-10-05T16:37:00.003-07:00

Folks I was at Office 2.0 and I would try and sync up with the people that I met there.
http://www.o2con.com/people/vishal.saxena;jsessionid=A7F221E984F3858FB020958DF60AA229

Lanes and Pools

2007-09-02T01:16:00.000-07:00

I was doing a training recently and the audience was predominantly technical. They knew WSDL, BPEL, JCA etc. One question that came up was why do we need lanes and pools. There is no implementation artifact being directly created based on lanes.
I could easily point that Pools are process boundaries, and I could see heads nodding. Even then questions remained about boundaries of pools. Then the question became why lanes?
At that point I realized that it is more important to emphasize the reason why people do BPM. It is not just to draw pretty pictures, it is :
to have a common understanding of processes;
to identify and document their processes as is;
to identify inter and intra departmental communications;
to find the bottlenecks;
to ensure that the processes as defined / documented is the same as implemented.

Once you see this value proposition of a BPM project, the value of pools and lanes becomes obvious. Pools help you identify the exact boundaries of your process. Pools will also show you inter-departmental communications - often the bottlenecks.
Lanes facilitate clear identification of roles and responsibilities within the organization. Identification of ownership of a given activity is at times the biggest reason why that activity will be performed in time. The intra communication points between various parts of your organization can be found using lanes.

That in summary is the value of using lanes and pools to document your process.

Business and IT views

2007-08-19T23:32:00.000-07:00

I have been looking at the perspective of a business user and comparing that with one of an IT developer. Very interesting observation: let me begin with an example,
Business user view (BPMN):
1. Lets do a credit check. (Activity)
2. If good score do X, if avg do Y and if below avg do Z. (Gateway)

How does this get implemented by IT
Step 1: Credit Check.
1. How do we do credit check - automatic using a computer system or a human operator keying in values and getting the credit score?
2. Is it existing customer or a new customer?
--If existing and in good standing do we still need a credit check?

--- If not existing customer, lets get credit score from Experian.
3. Or should we get multiple scores and then average them out.
4. What happens if I dont get a response back from Experian in 2 minutes given a SSN? Should our IT system try multiple times - of course but then how many 5 -10 and at what interval?

These are SOME of the challenges that your IT staff will need to answer to implement a so called single step in your business process.
Does the solution you are looking at provide this ability?
Moreover, if Experian astarted charging you more $ for the credit check how easily can you move your business to start using scores from Equifax?
Will you need professional services from the vendor to make changes?
Or do you think the solution is standards based so you can have your IT staff make the changes internally?

How about a tool that lets the business user design their business process with the simplicity as outlined in the Business View and gives IT users freedom to implement this activity in keeping with organizational IT policies. Well does something like this exist? Have a closer look at Oracle BPA Suite. - Apologies for the product pitch but yes this tool does preserve the simplicity of BPMN and also gives the IT developer the power to implement the activity as a unit with all these intricacies.

What is BPM - a quest, a journey

2007-08-01T00:48:00.000-07:00

I was talking to abunch of people at OMG's BPM think tank and there was a lot of confusion about what exactly is BPM.

Instead of trying to define what BPM is - lets see what is it that people are trying to achieve when they are talking BPM.

Cat 1 - Business users needing to document their processes
Cat 2 - Single project champions, take one process at a time, design and deploy it.
Cat 3 - Users seeking Enterprise BPM.

Cat 1 users can use any tool.
Cat 2 users may succeed in their specific project but then taking it to the next level is going to be a tall order. Reusing vendor specific components will be hard, if not impossible and definitely increase the TCO (total cost of ownership) manifold. Do you want vendor specific code etc to lock your enterprise wide components. Or do you want open standards based implementations.
This leads us to the third category of users who are starting small but thinking big. The components they build will be standard compliant, can be independently reused, change their specific implementation based on new business requirements / technological advancement and would therefore be an enterprise asset. The TCO will be lower if your solution uses industry wide standards adopted by majority of tool vendors, thus guaranteeing a wider skill pool as well.

Hopefully, based on the above there can be a better appreciation and common understanding of BPM but I am sure it is much more than just the categories of use cases. More later.

Blogware

2007-07-25T20:49:00.000-07:00

I have coined this term - well there is a tool by that name but I can still say that this is term for "furthering your opinions under the garb of a blogger".
Now back to BPM - BPEL is not for humans- this is a thing I read on many blogs. However nothing can be farther from the truth. BPEL is extensible by nature, it allows a process developer to call out to any standard workflow service and create a Human Task. On completion the workflow server can update the process back / BPEL process can detect that the task has been marked complete and carry on the execution of the process.
Thankfully, there is a spec BPEL4People to answer all the acronym happy analysts and bloggers!

OMG - BPM - BPMN - ?

2007-07-25T20:37:00.000-07:00

Spent three crucial days at OMG's BPM think tank. What I heard :
1. Standards are not important to business users. I heard this more than once - at an OMG conference thats interesting to say the least. My take - if standards dont matter than the analysts are going to make the same mistakes they did earlier. Custom made / built applications -> higher TCO (total cost of ownership) -> deal with costly Professional services folks :(
2. There is no common definition of BPM - among vendors, among anlysts and .... customers.
3. Field day for independent consultants to make even more consluting dollars while this conundrum lasts.
4. BPEL - the engine that executes your processes - I am surprised that the execution work horse is not being given its due.
5. ITP commerce had a good demo and were willing to show it to one and all - unlike other big name vendors and sponsors.
6. A new acronym BPDM was introduced. The spec does not have a XSD. Looks like a rushed attempt by one (or two) vendors - I may say. Even some of the (other) authors declined to comment / give more details.

BP Publisher

2007-07-13T15:58:00.000-07:00

BP Publisher problem - : "BP Publisher problem - no models published

Checklist of things when publishing:
1. Login with the correct Filter.
2. Make sure that model types are included in the filter
3. Ensure User permission to view the models.
4. Ensure groups have hte permission
5. Last but not the least - makse sure the web export is activated. "

Pools and Processes

2007-07-08T22:23:00.000-07:00

BPMN spec suggests usage of pool as a boundary for a process. Specifically for internal private and abstract processes.
For an internal process - the mapping to a single process is an obvious choice. The whole goal of defining an internal process using BPMN is to be able to capture the sequence of steps required to accomplish a particular business goal. In terms of mapping an internal process definition to an executable notation. BPEL is an obvious choice for mapping to execuatble. It is industry standard for orchestrating services and human interaction (even more so with bpel4people spec).

For abstract processes again mapping a process to one BPEL4WS abstract process is the recommended approach. Even though the current version of spec does not delve into the mappings.

BPMN value proposition

2007-06-30T23:49:00.000-07:00

BPMN has few obvious value propositions:

1. Common notations.
2. Depicts sequence of flow in an e2e process.
3. Identifies messages between various.

It is meant for the whole spectrum of business users both very high level and very detail oriented business process modelers. A set of business users can document their processes; starting from a broad set of activities and decision points to a detailed process definition which captures the intricacies of everyday business including specific details of activities, conditions of gateways, default branches, subprocesses, exception handling and so on.

This will ensure that businesses understand themselves and their processes, are able to document those processes in simple notation and identify the participants. This will ensure that the business can be agile when it comes to adopting new requirements both internal to the org as well as external.

Further it facilitates IT to capture correct business requirements - validate those requirements, understand and capture corner cases. The notation being business user friendly still retains its value.
Another advantage is being able to identify coarse business services which can be further mapped to actual IT services or a combination thereof.

To give an analogy it will do the same to business prcoess modeling as what UML did to software engg, WSDL did to service description.

more details at http://www.bpmn.org

BPMN and BPEL

2007-06-26T23:58:00.000-07:00

BPMN is a standardized graphical notation for drawing business processes. The standard has seen considerable traction in the BPM industry. Several pure play vendors have now BPMN representations supported out of the box in the modeling tool. Evidently, the first version of the spec wants to standardize the business process modeling notation. The spec very wisely provides a direct mapping to BPEL for execution. This further adds in favor of close tie up between business processes modeling and loosely coupled IT infrastructure.
The BPD modeled using BPMN can be easily realized as a BPEL process. The BPEL process may not be syntactically complete but has all the semantic elements correctly captured. The business definition of the process is captured with sanctity and transparently provided to IT as a blueprint for implementation.

BPM + SOA = Agile business

2007-06-26T23:54:00.000-07:00

There has been a constant need for closer alignment of software with business। Instead of locking all the business process logic in a bunch of programming routines, SOA facilitates disparate independent services that can be orchestrated to accomplish business goals. This paradigm also ensures agile businesses that can accommodate changing business requirements. BPM is now complemented by middleware technologies for agility, and within middleware BPM and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) lead the charge। BPM is an investment in future agility of the enterprise। BPM and SOA together define a new business and IT world, which requires driving innovation and agility based on existing IT systems. The new paradigm promotes loosely coupled IT systems, which replace tightly integrated, hard-wired packaged applications; inherent is the paradigm of business excellence rather than functional excellence. It is difficult for business to predict the future needs of modification of business processes and hence the requirement to keep the processes loosely coupled becomes even more important. IT across industry has been adopting rapidly to SOA. BPEL has become the defacto standard for web services orchestration and integration. It is layered on top of Web services and XML and different component building blocks. Most people are already working in SOAP, WSDL, XML, and XML Schema, and most companies are already moving toward XML-based integration.

BPM Terminology

2007-06-24T02:20:00.000-07:00

BPM - Business Process Management, some people also use it for Business Process Modeling.
BPMN - Business Process Modeling Notation - A standard notation orgininally defined by BPMI and subsequently owned and released by OMG. Pl note it is just a notation and has no serialization. It does define a mapping to BPEL4WS.
BPEL - Business Process Execution Language - This is the OASIS standard for orchestrating web services to execute business processes.
BPMS - Business Process Management Suites - A term used for product (or a set thereof) that provides definition and execution of business processes.
BPDM - Business Process Definition Metamodel - A meta model proposal for serializing BPMN diagrams. It is in RFP stage.
XPDL - XML Process Definition Language

BPM - Demystifying Business

2007-06-24T02:18:00.001-07:00

Business users and business process modeling mean different things to different people.
One the one end of the spectrum are business users who know their processes in their mind. On the other end of the spectrum are business users who have sufficient technology background and will to make their hands dirty with service definitions.
As for BPModel, again everything from a flow chart on a white board to a graphical representation in a tool is construed as a businesss process model.

Moving my BPM blog here

2007-06-24T02:17:00.001-07:00

I am moving my BPM blog here!

administration funcs for oc4j

2004-06-04T13:56:00.000-07:00

Usage: java -jar admin.jar ormi://host.domain.com<:port> username password [comm
and]
Commands are:
-shutdown [force|ordinary] [reason] - shuts the entire server down
-restart [reason] - restarts the entire server
-deploy [subswitches] - (re)deploys an application. Sub-switches are:
-file [filename] - Enterprise Archive to deploy
-deploymentName [name] - Name of the application deployment
-targetPath [path] - The path on the remote OS to place the archive at. If no
t specified the applications directory is used
-parent [name] - Specifying parent application of this application, the defau
lt is the global ('default') application
-deploymentDirectory [path] - Root of the deployment configurations, "[NONE]"
to place them inside the .ear
-cluster - Signals that the deployment should be propagated to other live clu
ster nodes if part of a cluster
-iiopClientJar - the path on the local OS to place the jar file containing th
e application client stubs
-undeploy [application name] [subswitches] - remove a previously deployed applic
ation
-keepFiles - keep the generated application's files.
-site [subswitches] - configures a site. Sub-switches are:
-add - adds a site
-host [host] - host/IP of this site
-port [port] - port of this site
-display-name [display-name] - display name of this site
-virtual-hosts [virtual-hosts] - virtual hosts of this site
-secure [secure] - true if this site is secure; otherwise false
-factory [factory] - name of SSLServerSocketFactory implementation if not
using JSSE
-keystore [keystore] - the relative/absolute path to a keystore used by th
is site
-storepass [storepass] - keystore password
-provider [provider] - the provider used if not using JSSE
-needs-client-auth [needs-client-auth] - true if needs client auth; otherw
ise false
-remove - removes a site
-host [host] - host/IP of the site to be removed
-port [port] - port of the site to be removed
-test - tests a site
-host [host] - host/IP of the site to be tested
-port [port] - port of the site to be tested
-list - lists all sites
-update - updates a site
-oldHost [host] - old host/IP of this site
-oldPort [port] - old port of this site
-newHost [host] - new host/IP of this site
-newPort [port] - new port of this site
-display-name [display-name] - display name of this site
-virtual-hosts [virtual-hosts] - virtual hosts of this site
-secure [secure] - true if this site is secure; otherwise false
-factory [factory] - name of SSLServerSocketFactory implementation if not
using JSSE
-keystore [keystore] - the relative/absolute path to a keystore used by th
is site
-storepass [storepass] - keystore password
-provider [provider] - the provider used if not using JSSE
-needs-client-auth [needs-client-auth] - true if needs client auth; otherw
ise false
-bindWebApp [application deployment name] [web-app name] [web-site name] [contex
t root] - binds a web app to the specified site + root
-application [name] [command] - application specific command, subcommands includ
es:
-dataSourceInfo - gets info about the installed datasources
-restart - restarts the application, this will trigger auto-deployment if ena
bled and a file has been touched
-addUser [username] [password] - adds a user to the application
-listDataSource - lists the installed datasources
-removeDataSource - removes an existing datasource, arguments are:
-location [location] - the namespace location for the source, for instance
jdbc/DefaultDS
-testDataSource - tests an existing datasource, arguments are:
-location [location] - the namespace location for the source, for instance
jdbc/DefaultDS
-username [username] - the username to login
-password [password] - the password to login
-installDataSource - installs a new datasource, arguments are:
-jar [path] - path to a jar file to add to the server's library
-url [url] - the JDBC database URL
-location [location] - the namespace location for the raw source, for inst
ance jdbc/DefaultRawDS
-pooledLocation [pooledLocation] - the namespace location for the pooled s
ource, for instance jdbc/DefaultPooledDS
-xaLocation [xaLocation] - the namespace location for the XA source, for i
nstance jdbc/xa/DefaultXADS
-ejbLocation [ejbLocation] - the namespace location for the EJB source, fo
r instance jdbc/DefaultEJBDS - this is the source usually used by applications
-username [username] - the username to login
-password [password] - the password to login
-connectionDriver [drivername] - the JDBC database driver class, for insta
nce com.mydb.Driver
-className [className] - the datasource class name, for instance com.everm
ind.sql.DriverManagerDataSource
-sourceLocation [sourceLocation] - the underlying data source of this spec
ialized data source
-xaSourceLocation [xaSourceLocation] - the underlying XADataSource of this
specialized data source
-updateDataSource - updates an existing datasource, arguments are:
-oldLocation [oldLocation] - the old namespace location for the source, fo
r instance jdbc/DefaultDS
-newLocation [newLocation] - the new namespace location for the source, fo
r instance jdbc/DefaultDS
-jar [path] - path to a jar file to add to the server's library
-url [url] - the JDBC database URL
-pooledLocation [pooledLocation] - the namespace location for the pooled s
ource, for instance jdbc/DefaultPooledDS
-xaLocation [xaLocation] - the namespace location for the XA source, for i
nstance jdbc/xa/DefaultXADS
-ejbLocation [ejbLocation] - the namespace location for the EJB source, fo
r instance jdbc/DefaultEJBDS - this is the source usually used by applications
-username [username] - the username to login
-password [password] - the password to login
-connectionDriver [drivername] - the JDBC database driver class, for insta
nce com.mydb.Driver
-className [className] - the datasource class name, for instance com.everm
ind.sql.DriverManagerDataSource
-sourceLocation [sourceLocation] - the underlying data source of this spec
ialized data source
-xaSourceLocation [xaSourceLocation] - the underlying XADataSource of this
specialized data source
-deployconnector - deploy a Connector Architecture compliant resource adapter (R
AR), arguments are:
-file [path] - path to the Resource Adapter Archive to deploy
-name [name] - name of the resource adapter deployment
-nativeLibPath [path] - path to the native libraries within the RAR archive
-grantAllPermissions - grant all runtime permissions requested by the RAR
-undeployconnector - undeploy a Connector Architecture compliant resource adapte
r (RAR), arguments are:
-name [name] - name of the resource adapter deployment
-keepFiles - keep the generated files.

C:\>java -jar C:\oc4j\j2ee\home\admin.jar ormi://localhost admin welcome

Using java comm api

2004-05-24T18:45:00.000-07:00

This is a sample java program that reads call information from the EPBX port and dumps it inot an excel sheet.
/*
* @(#)ReadCall.java 1.12 98/06/25
*

*/

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.comm.*;

public class ReadCall implements Runnable, SerialPortEventListener {
static CommPortIdentifier portId;
static Enumeration portList;

InputStream inputStream;
SerialPort serialPort;
Thread readThread;

public static void main(String[] args) {
portList = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();

while (portList.hasMoreElements()) {
portId = (CommPortIdentifier) portList.nextElement();
if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {
System.out.println(" I am here" + portId.getName());
if (portId.getName().equals("COM1")) {
//if (portId.getName().equals("/dev/term/a")) {
ReadCall reader = new ReadCall();
}
}
}
}

public ReadCall() {
try {
serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("ReadCallApp", 2000);
} catch (PortInUseException e) {
System.out.println(" Port in use caught");
}
try {
inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {}
try {
serialPort.addEventListener(this);
} catch (TooManyListenersException e) {}
serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);
try {
// serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600,
serialPort.setSerialPortParams(1200,
SerialPort.DATABITS_8,
SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);
} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {}
readThread = new Thread(this);
readThread.start();
}

public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(20000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}

public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {
switch(event.getEventType()) {
case SerialPortEvent.BI:
case SerialPortEvent.OE:
case SerialPortEvent.FE:
case SerialPortEvent.PE:
case SerialPortEvent.CD:
case SerialPortEvent.CTS:
case SerialPortEvent.DSR:
case SerialPortEvent.RI:
case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:
break;
case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:
byte[] readBuffer1 = new byte[22];
byte[] readBuffer2 = new byte[38];
byte[] readBuffer3 = new byte[23];
byte[] readBuffer4 = new byte[1];
byte[] readBuffer5 = new byte[16];
byte[] readBuffer6 = new byte[20];
int numBytes = 0;

try {
while (inputStream.available() > 0) {
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer1);
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer2);
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer3);
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer4);
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer5);
numBytes = inputStream.read(readBuffer6);
//System.out.println("Done with x bytes \n" + numBytes);
}
System.out.print(" 1" + new String(readBuffer1));
System.out.print(" 2" + new String(readBuffer2));
System.out.print(" 3" + new String(readBuffer3));
System.out.print(" 4" + new String(readBuffer4));
System.out.print(" 5" + new String(readBuffer5));
System.out.print(" 6" + new String(readBuffer6));
System.out.println("after while Done with x bytes \n" + numBytes);
} catch (IOException e) {}
break;
}
}
}

Basic Security - securing a web service

2004-05-24T18:06:00.000-07:00

Ok once you have deployed a web service how do you make it secure.
Put the following snippet in the web.xml file

"

BASIC

Greeting Service

GreetingRole

Greeting Web Service

GreetingRole

NONE

"

just before the end tag ""

And in the orion-web.xml file, put the following xml snippet:

Now you are all set. Just deploy the web service again and you would be prompted to provide a user id and password.

As for the java client accessing the wsdl :
In the auto generated constructor, assuming u r using jdeveloper to create and deploy your web services: just provide the properties to the http connection.

Properties props = new Properties();
props.put(OracleSOAPHTTPConnection.AUTH_TYPE, "basic");
props.put(OracleSOAPHTTPConnection.USERNAME, "admin");
props.put(OracleSOAPHTTPConnection.PASSWORD, "welcome");
m_httpConnection.setProperties(props);

OC4J basics

2004-05-24T17:54:00.000-07:00

Un deploying web services on OC4J can be a simple command:
java -jar C:\oc4j\j2ee\home\admin.jar ormi://localhost admin welcome
-undeploy

Deployed web services are copied as ear files in the j2ee/home/applications directory and expanded in applications-deployment as any other app server. (META-INF is scrapped from the directory though in deployments directory)